Aa. Ariskin et Gs. Nikolaev, AN EMPIRICAL-MODEL FOR THE CALCULATION OF SPINEL MELT EQUILIBRIA IN MAFIC IGNEOUS SYSTEMS AT ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE .1. CHROMIAN SPINELS, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123(3), 1996, pp. 282-292
In order to develop a model for simulating naturally occurring chromia
n spinel compositions, we have processed published experimental data o
n chromian spinel-melt equilibrium. Out of 259 co-existing spinel-melt
experiments reported in the literature, we have selected 118 composit
ions on the basis of run time, melt composition and experimental techn
ique. These data cover a range of temperatures 1150-1500 degrees C, ox
ygen fugacities of -13<log f(O2)<-0.7, and bulk compositions ranging f
rom basalt and norite, to komatiite. Six major spinel components with
Cr3+, Al3+, Ti4+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and Fe2+-bearing end-members were conside
red for the purpose of describing chromite saturation as a function of
melt composition, temperature and oxygen fugacity at 1 atmosphere pre
ssure (0.101 MPa). The empirically calibrated mineral-melt expression
based on multiple linear regressions is: In K-i(Sp)=A/T(K)+B log f(O2)
+C ln (Fe3+/Fe2+)(L)+D ln R(L) + E, where K-i(Sp) is an equilibrium co
nstant and R(L) is a melt structure-chemical parameter (MSCP). Twenty-
eight forms of equilibrium constants were considered, including single
distribution coefficients, exchange equilibrium constants, formation
constants for AB(2)O(4) components, as well as simple ''spinel cation
ratios'' For each form of the equilibrium constants, a set of 16 combi
nations of the MSCPs have been investigated. The MSCP is present in th
e form of composite ratios [e.g., Si/O, NBO/T,(Al+Si)/Si, or (Na+K)/Al
] or as simple cation ratios (e.g., Mg/Fe2+). For the calculation of F
e3+ and Fe2+ species in silicate melts, we used existing equations, wh
ereas the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of spinels was calculated from the spinel st
oichiometry. The regression parameters that best repoduce the experime
ntal data were for the following constants: (Fe3+/Fe2+)(Sp), (Mg/Fe2+)
(Sp)/(Mg/Fe2+)(L), (Cr/Al)(Sp)/(Cr/Al)(L), K-FeCr2O4, and Ti-Sp/Ti-L.
These expressions have been combined into a single program called SPIN
MELT, which calculates chromite crystallization temperature and compos
ition at a given f(O2) with an average accuracy of similar to 10 degre
es C and 1-2 mol%. An example of the use of SPINMELT is presented for
a magma parental to the Bushveld Complex.