A. Sewing et al., FORMATION OF ORDERED ARRAYS OF METAL-CLUSTERS BY ANNEALING OF NM-PERIOD METAL-CARBON MULTILAYER FILMS, Nanostructured materials, 6(5-8), 1995, pp. 695-698
The excess of Gibbs free energy stored in the initial state of metal/c
arbon multilayer films produced by pulsed laser deposition is used to
induce phase transitions by thermal activation. The clustering of the
nickel layers in Ni/C multilayers caused by annealing is reported as a
result of x-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements and TEM obs
ervations. A theoretical approach to the problem of phase separation a
nd transformation in superthin films is given.