LACK OF TUMORIGENICITY OF CHOLESTEROL EPOXIDES AND ESTRONE-3,4-QUINONE IN THE RAT MAMMARY-GLAND

The purpose of this study is to test the long-standing hypothesis that endogenous agents found in human breast fluid and in plasma are poten tial initiators of breast cancer, Therefore, we evaluated the tumorige nicity in the mammary glands of female CD rats of cholestan-5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxy-3 beta-ol (cholesterol-alpha-epoxide), cholestan-5 beta,6 beta-epoxy-3 beta-ol (cholesterol-beta-epoxide), and 1,5(10)estradiene -3,14,17-trione (estrone-3,4-quinone). As a positive control, i-1,2-ep oxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPDE) was used, Rats were fed a high-fat AIN-76A diet (23.5% corn oil) to mimic the Western die tary composition. Because literature data suggest that the endogenous agents tested in this study are weak electrophiles, the total doses of cholesterol epoxides (12.3 mu mol/rat) and of estrone-3,4-quinone (30 mu mol/rat) were 10- and 25-fold higher, respectively, than that of B cPDE (1.2 mu mol/rat). Each agent was dissolved in DMSO, and one-sixth of the total dose was injected under each of six nipples on the left side of the rat, whereas DMSO only was injected under the nipples on t he right side, The thoracic glands of the rat were treated at 30 days of age, and those located in the inguinal area were treated on the fol lowing day. The experiment was terminated 44 weeks after treatment, Co nsistent with our previous study, BcPDE was a strong mammary carcinoge n, However, there were no differences between rats treated with DMSO a lone and those receiving DMSO containing cholesterol-alpha-epoxide, ch olesterol-beta-epoxide, or estrone-3,4-quinone. The results of this st udy clearly indicate, for the first time, that metabolites derived fro m cholesterol and estrone lack tumorigenic activity in the rat mammary gland, at least under the conditions of the present protocol.