Rl. Vellanoweth et Tw. Okita, ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR PROTEINS INTERACTING WITH A WHEAT ALPHA BETA-GLIADIN SEED STORAGE PROTEIN GENE/, Plant molecular biology, 22(1), 1993, pp. 25-41
The promoter region ( -524 to -46) of the wheat alpha/beta-gliadin see
d storage protein gene was analyzed for interactions with nuclear prot
eins from developing wheat seeds. Six complexes were detected within t
he first 165 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. One of the
proteins was a non-sequence specific AT-binding protein. The remainin
g five proteins bound in a sequence specific manner. One (CABP) mapped
to a conserved CA-rich element at -134 to -112 while another (PalBP)
mapped to an adjacent, palindromic sequence at -112 to -106. Three pro
teins (CTBPs 1-3) formed complexes at two, independent homologous site
s. The activities of four of the binding proteins, CTBPs 1-3 and CABP,
exhibited similar patterns of expression during seed development: the
y first appeared at early to mid stages, reached a maximum at mid stag
e and subsequently decreased, paralleling the pattern of gliadin mRNA
accumulation. The non-specific AT-binding protein was detected at rela
tively high levels only at mid development. PalBP activity, on the oth
er hand, first appeared at mid stage and was present at a constant lev
el throughout later stages of development. The results suggest that th
e binding proteins may regulate gliadin expression in an antagonistic
manner.