X. Zhuang et al., DEPENDENCE OF LIQUID-CRYSTAL BULK ALIGNMENT ON ITS SURFACE MONOLAYER, Molecular crystals and liquid crystals science and technology. Section A, Molecular crystals and liquid crystals, 262, 1995, pp. 35-43
Liquid crystal bulk alignment, including the pretilt angle, on rubbed
polyimide is related, using a biaxial Landau-de Gennes model, to the o
rientational distribution of its surface monolayer. The predicted corr
elation can be experimentally verified, using optical second harmonic
generation to probe the liquid crystal surface monolayer and linear op
tics to measure the bulk alignment.