The purpose of this paper is to propose new heuristics for the Traveli
ng Salesman Problem with Backhauls. In this problem, the aim is to det
ermine a least cost Hamiltonian tour through a set of linehaul and bac
khaul customers, in such a way that all backhaul customers are visited
contiguously after all linehaul customers. Six heuristic, all having
a good empirical performance ratio, are described and compared with a
lower bound. Computational results indicate that the best of these heu
ristics yields high quality solutions. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd