This talk discusses the low ratio of muons to electrons in neutrino in
teractions detected in large underground detectors. This ratio, lower
by 4 sigma from the theoretical predictions, has led to interpretation
s in terms of important phyisical processes such as neutrino oscillati
ons. The emphasis of the talk is on the experimental and theoretical a
dvances during the last two years since the TAUP'93 workshop and on th
eir interpretation in terms of the physical process that causes the ab
normal result.