Groote and Vaandrager introduced the tyft/tyxt format for Transition S
ystem Specifications (TSSs), and established that for each TSS in this
format that is well-founded, the bisimulation equivalence it induces
is a congruence. In this paper, we construct for each TSS in tyft/tyxt
format an equivalent TSS that consists of tree rules only. As a corol
lary we can give an affirmative answer to an open question, namely whe
ther the well-foundedness condition in the congruence theorem for tyft
/tyxt can be dropped. These results extend to tyft/tyxt with negative
premises and predicates. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.