Astronomical observations now reach far enough back in time, in enough
depth and detail, to reveal the history of galaxies since their forma
tion. The early Universe contained a network of gas clouds that filled
much of the space between the young galaxies, where stars were formin
g at a high rate. Since then, intergalactic space has been swept clean
, and galaxies have continued to convert the dwindling supply of gas s
low into stars.