RADIOBIOLOGICAL RISK AND SINGLE EVENT EFFECTS DURING MANNED SPACE-FLIGHTS

Radiation hazard during previous manned space flights was not a critic al problem as seen from monitoring on board MIR and the SHUTTLE. Futur e Martian and Lunar missions as well as flights on inclined or high al titude orbits around the Earth can be exposed to a large radiobiologic al risk and critical reliability losses can be expected, due to Single Event Effects on VLSI devices. The mains characteristics of these haz ards and some counter-measures to be provided for are given.