Yg. Ryskov et al., STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON AND OXYGEN AS AN INDICATOR OF THE FORMATIONCONDITIONS OF SOIL CARBONATES, Eurasian soil science, 28(6), 1996, pp. 1-14
The ratio of the isotopes C-13/C-12 and O-18/O-16 in carbonate soils o
f the gilgai assemblage in the cis-Caucasus was studied to establish t
he conditions of carbonate formation. Carbonates are represented by th
ree generations and have a pedogenic origin. They were formed in the p
rocess of evapotranspiration. Two stages of carbonate formation are id
entified: modern and ancient with warmer and wetter climate.