The electronic structure of Nd2Fe17 has been calculated using the spin
-polarized MS-X alpha method based on the assumption that the Fe-Fe an
d Fe-Nd exchange couplings are dominant. The calculation showed that (
i) there are three levels presenting negative exchange couplings betwe
en Fe(f) and Fe(c) atoms, and (ii) the crystal structure symmetry of t
he compound sometimes has a more important effect on the exchange coup
ling than the atomic spacing. The key factors affecting the magnetic-o
rdered property of R(2)Fe(17) are discussed.