F. Tailoka et Dj. Fray, ELECTROWINNING OF COPPER FROM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS IN PRESENCE OF GAS SPARGING, Transactions - Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. Section C. Mineral processing & extractive metallurgy, 102, 1993, pp. 7-11
Microporous ceramic tubes (15-mum pore diameter) and PVC membranes (10
-mum pore diameter) have been applied as spargers in the electrowinnin
g of copper from concentrated and dilute chloride electrolytes. At a c
urrent density of 600 A m-2 and a nitrogen gas sparging flow rate (at
NPT) of 1.53 cm3 s-1 per unit (cm) electrode length it was possible to
electrowin planar rather than powdery deposits with copper concentrat
ions as low as 0.157 M. To obtain a planar deposit at higher concentra
tions of cupric chloride the most realistic optimum current density ap
pears to lie between 1000 and 1500 A m-2.