TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND ENTROPY PRODUCTION IN TOROIDAL PLASMAS WITH GYROKINETIC ELECTROMAGNETIC TURBULENCE

Transport processes and resultant entropy production in magnetically c onfined plasmas are studied in detail for toroidal systems with gyroki netic electromagnetic turbulence. The kinetic equation including the t urbulent fluctuations are double averaged over the ensemble and the gy rophase. The entropy balance equation is derived from the double-avera ged kinetic equation with the nonlinear gyrokinetic equation for the f luctuating distribution function. The result clarifies the spatial tra nsport and local production of the entropy due to the classical, neocl assical and anomalous transport processes, respectively. For the anoma lous transport process due to the electromagnetic turbulence as well a s the classical and neoclassical processes, the kinetic form of the en tropy production is rewritten as the thermodynamic form, from which th e conjugate pairs of the thermodynamic forces and the transport fluxes are identified. The Onsager symmetry for the anomalous transport equa tions is shown to be valid within the quasilinear framework. The compl ete energy balance equation, which takes account of the anomalous tran sport and exchange of energy due to the fluctuations, is derived from the ensemble-averaged kinetic equation. The intrinsic ambipolarity of the anomalous particle fluxes is shown to hold for the self-consistent turbulent electromagnetic fields satisfying Poisson's equation and Am pere's law. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.