MODELING SLOPE BEHAVIOR FOR OPEN-PITS

The options for designing slopes in complex geological conditions are reviewed. It is demonstrated that modelling-especially numerical model ling-allows a degree of analysis that cannot otherwise be achieved. Ex amples are given of how numerical modelling can be used to investigate fundamental aspects of rock mass behaviour; it is demonstrated that a n important consequence of change in scale is that the mechanisms of f ailure also change. The complex failure of the footwall slope in a lar ge open-pit mine in southern Spain is discussed. Numerical modelling w ith UDEC (universal distinct-element code) has allowed displacements m easured in the field to be simulated realistically. The calibration of the model gives confidence that it can be used to predict the effect of future mining and to assess the effectiveness of possible remedial measures.