We report the clinical features in a 4-year-old child who was investig
ated for a suspected metabolic disorder but was subsequently diagnosed
as having a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. A muscle biopsy was pe
rformed and the data obtained suggested thiamine treatment which resul
ted in a regression of the clinical findings and a return to normal va
lues of blood lactic and pyruvic acids. The interruption of thiamine s
upplementation after I year of treatment led to a prompt recurrence of
the previous clinical and biochemical symptoms.