In a one year old female infant BCG-vaccinated as a neonate, a large m
ediastinal mass was found after routine examination. X-ray and CT scan
suggested a teratoma. Histology and microbiology, however, revealed t
he diagnosis of an active tuberculosis. Thus, the tumor was caused by
mediastinal BCGitis. To our knowledge this complication of BCG-vaccina
tion has not yet been described.