Injury to the respiratory tract from inhalation of steam, although rar
e, often leads to acute pulmonary insufficiency. The injury to the alv
eolar epithelium results in increased pulmonary capillary permeability
, pulmonary oedema and interfering abnormalities in gas exchange. Vigo
rous treatment should be instituted in these patients to obtain optima
l outcome. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd for ISBI.