HIGHER-ORDER VECTOR FINITE-ELEMENTS FOR TETRAHEDRAL CELLS

Edge-based vector finite elements are widely used for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic modeling, This paper seeks to extend these low-order elements to higher orders to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions. These elements have relaxed norma l-component continuity to prohibit spurious modes, and also satisfy Ne delec's constraints to eliminate unnecessary degrees of freedom while remaining entirely local in character, Element matrix derivations are given for the first two vector finite element sets. Also, results of t he application of these basis functions to cavity resonators demonstra te the superiority of the higher-order elements.