G. Kogel et al., INVESTIGATION OF DEFECT STRUCTURES IN DEFORMED AND HELIUM-IRRADIATED REFRACTORY-METALS BY POSITRON-ANNIHILATION, Journal of physics. Condensed matter, 5(23), 1993, pp. 3987-4006
The defect structures in deformed and helium-irradiated refractory met
als, vanadium, niobium and tantalum have been investigated by means of
positron lifetime and Doppler broadening techniques. The evolution of
the defects was studied by performing isochronal annealing programmes
. In all three metals after deformation a single, well defined lifetim
e was observed which was 30 ps to 40 ps lower than that reported for v
acancies. The recovery of the deformation-induced defects however, is
remarkably different for niobium and tantalum as compared to vanadium.
In helium-irradiated vanadium and niobium two distinctly different de
fect types were observed with characteristic lifetimes of about 190 ps
and 375 ps, respectively. The longer lifetime is attributed to large
helium bubbles. Both metals showed a similar behaviour in the annealin
g studies. All measured lifetime data are consistent with the simple t
rapping model. The influence of oxygen impurities and oxygen resorptio
n during the isochronal annealing procedure is discussed.