AN UPSTREAM POSITIVE REGULATORY ELEMENT IN HUMAN GM-CSF PROMOTER IS RECOGNIZED BY NF-KAPPA-B REL FAMILY MEMBERS/

To further extend the previous analysis of cis-acting elements and cog nate trans-acting factors that contribute to GM-CSF transcriptional re gulation, we have examined a promoter region between -1742 and -2010. DNase I footprinting assays showed four protected sequences named A, B , C and D. DNA transfections in the T-lymphoid Mo cell line, which con stitutively expresses GM-CSF, indicated that the A element, located be tween -2002 and -1984, has a positive role on transcription. Further c haracterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assays in the presen ce of different competitor oligonucleotides showed that this element b inds a factor of the NF-kappa B/Rel family. (C) 1996 Academic Press, I nc.