The main solutions of typical elastic-plastic problems (including the
tribocontact oxide) of physicochemical mechanics for surface-plasticiz
ed and surface-hardened materials are reviewed. The influence of surfa
ce-active media and residual stresses arising in the near-surface laye
rs of solids after the 'loading-unloading' cycle of the real material
structure, including distributions of linear and point lattice defects
in soft and hard structural material components, is analysed. The rol
e of the Rehbinder effect in establishing the antiwear mode of working
conditions for real sliding tribopairs is shown by particular example
s.