TNF-ALPHA ENHANCES COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR-1-INDUCED MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATION IN AUTOIMMUNE RENAL-DISEASE

The lpr mutation on the MRL background accelerates autoimmune nephriti s in which macrophage (M phi) accumulation is prominent. Renal disease is absent in other strains with lpr. TNF-alpha and CSF-1 are increase d in the kidney of MRL-lpr mice with loss of renal function. We have e stablished that CSF-1 can incite renal injury in mice with the lpr mut ation, and M phi from the MRL strain hyper-respond to this growth fact or. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha enhanced the M phi response to CSF- 1 in MRL-lpr mice. We now report that TNF-alpha enhanced CSF-1-induced bone marrow M phi proliferation in MRL-lpr mice, and not in congenic MRL +/+, normal C3H +/+ and BALB/c, or another strain with lpr(C3H-lpr ). Using a gene transfer approach to deliver CSF-1 together with TNF-a lpha into the kidney, we evaluated the impact on renal injury. Tubular epithelial cells genetically modified to produce CSF-1 (CSF-1-TEC) an d TNF-alpha (TNF-TEC) placed under the renal capsule caused a greater accumulation of M phi in the implant site than CSF-1-TECs alone in MRL -lpr, but not MRL +/+ mice. We noted in tissues adjacent but not dista l to the implanted TECs, an increase in M phi in the interstitium and surrounding glomeruli of MRL-lpr but not MRL +/+ mice. This indicated that CSF-1 and TNF-alpha released by TECs were responsible for promoti ng renal pathology. Taken together, these data suggest that the simult aneous expression of TNF-alpha and CSF-1 in the MRL-lpr kidney fosters M phi accumulation. We speculate that the increase in M phi in the ki dney in response to CSF-1 and TNF-alpha is responsible for the rapid t empo of autoimmune renal injury in MRL-lpr mice.