TECHNIQUE OF LAPAROSCOPIC ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION OF THE LIVER AND PANCREAS

Since the introduction of a recent laparoscopic ultrasound (LU), the v alue of this modality in examining the liver and pancreas has been rep orted. However, a precise scanning technique of LU has not previously been described. Based on our experience with intraoperative ultrasound during laparotomy, we have developed a technique for complete examina tion of the entire organs using a rigid LU probe. A 7.5-MHz rigid prob e, 10 mm in diameter, was employed. The scanning was performed through three trocar ports: right subcostal, subxiphoid, and umbilical. For t he liver, the subcostal scanning provided fundamental transverse views . The subxiphoid and umbilical scanning delineated the areas unable to be imaged by the subcostal scanning. For the pancreas, the subcostal and umbilical scanning demonstrated longitudinal and transverse views, respectively. The subxiphoid scanning enhanced examination of the pan creatic head. Three basic probe maneuvers (advancement-withdrawal, lat eral movement, and rotation) and various scanning techniques (contact, probe-standoff, and compression scanning) should be utilized appropri ately. With a rigid probe, complete LU examination of the liver and pa ncreas is possible using these techniques. We believe the present scan ning method will help more surgeons learn LU.