During the past few years, compounds with excitatory properties have c
hanged the drug misuse scene and this is of particular concern, especi
ally with the 'new' formulations of smokable cocaine. This paper deals
with the complexity of the multiple pathways involved in cocaine admi
nistration, describes the characteristic clinical history of cocaine m
isuse and dependence and revises the different pharmacological and psy
chosocial approaches.