ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH ILLEGALLY DISTILLED ALCOHOL

Whiskey produced in illegal stills (ie, ''moonshine'') remains an impo rtant and underappreciated source of lead toxicity in some rural count ies of the Southeast. From March 5 through October 26, 1991, eight adu lt patients with elevated blood lead levels were identified at a rural county hospital in Alabama and were reported to the Alabama Departmen t of Public Health notifiable disease surveillance system. A case-pati ent was defined as any person 17 years of age or more who presented to the hospital from january 1, 1990, through December 31, 1991, and had a blood lead level of 0.72 mumol/L or more (15 mug/dL or more). To id entify cases and potential sources of lead exposure, we reviewed medic al and laboratory records from the hospital, interviewed patients with elevated blood lead levels, and determined the lead content of moonsh ine samples. Nine patients met the case definition, including one pati ent who was not reported to the state. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 62 years; blood lead values ranged from 0.77 to 12.50 mumol/L (16 t o 259 mug/dL). The most frequent signs of possible lead toxicity inclu ded seizures (six), microcytic anemia (five), and encephalopathy (two) ; one patient died. The only identified source of lead exposure for th e nine patients was moonshine ingestion. Moonshine samples available f rom local stills contained sufficient amounts of lead (340 to 4600 mum ol/L) to result in the observed blood lead levels. This investigation emphasizes the adverse health effects and ongoing public health impact of moonshine ingestion.