Ggh. Qiao et al., REACTIVITY OF KETENES IN MATRICES - DIRECT OBSERVATION OF KETENE-PYRIDINE YLIDES, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118(24), 1996, pp. 5634-5638
Ketenes 7, 14, and 17 have been generated in pyridine matrices and obs
erved by infrared spectroscopy to react with pyridine at temperatures
between 15 and 50 K to form ketene-pyridine ylides 12, 15, and 18. Aza
heterocyclic ketenes 20, 23, and 26 dimerize or tetramerize at ca. 50
K, whereby one ketene molecule acts as a nucleophile toward the other,
forming a transient ketene-imine ylide.