Purpose: To evaluate possible risk factors for age-related maculopathy
(ARM) in an epidemiologic cross-sectional population study of inhabit
ants 70 years of age or older in a rural area in Oulu County, Northern
Finland. Methods: Five hundred of the 560 (89%) eligible subjects wer
e examined. The diagnosis of ARM was based on fundus photographs in 83
% of the population or on ophthalmoscopic findings in 13%; in 4%, the
fundi could not be seen. Both early and late forms of ARM were include
d. Results: The prevalence of ARM increased steadily with age without
overall significant difference between men and women. The condition wa
s, however, related to high body mass index in men. The ARM appeared t
o be also associated with the presence of cataract, broad peripapillar
y atrophy, and severe sclerosis of the retinal arteries, but after con
trolling for age, these associations were nonsignificant. No associati
on was found between ARM and systemic hypertension, diabetes, smoking,
working outside, myopia, glaucoma, or the presence of exfoliation. In
logistic regression analysis, age was the only statistically signific
ant risk factor for ARM in both sexes. In men, a high body mass index
also was found to be a predictor for ARM. Conclusions: The presence of
ARM was associated with cataract and signs of age-related vascular ch
anges in the eyes. Of the general factors, age in both sexes and high
body mass index in men were found to be the only predictors of ARM.