This paper derives major theoretical constructs which underlie Richard
ian equivalence, and using multicointegration methodology, empirically
tests whether they bear out. Results indicate that government spendin
g and revenues are cointegrated. However, the cointegrating scalar is
less than one. Therefore, in order for government to obey its intertem
poral budget constraint, debt and government revenue must be multicoin
tegrated; they are not. Additional evidence indicates that saving and
debt may be weakly cointegrated. The findings suggest that failure of
Richardian equivalence may be due to public rather than private sector
failure.