ANGLE-RESOLVED X-RAY CIRCULAR AND MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISMS - DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATIONS

We introduce definitions of angle-resolved x-ray circular dichroism (A RXCD) and magnetic x-ray circular dichroism (ARMXCD). As defined, the much larger effect pf circular dichroism (ARXCD) is separated from the smaller magnetic (ARMXCD) effect. In all materials, ARXCD is zero alo ng minor planes while nonzero elsewhere ARMXCD is nonzero only in magn etic materials. The measurement and analysis of ARMXCD allow element s pecific surface magnetism and surface structure as well as their inter -relationship to be studied as functions of the outgoing of electrons direction.