A paramolar mesial to the mandibular second molar would be predicted f
rom the atavistic theory on phylogenetic evolution of the human dentit
ion. The actual finding of this feature, however, appears to have been
reported only once, A 4 mm long tooth was found mesial to the right m
andibular second molar in a 54-yr-old Japanese female. The tooth had a
ball-shaped crown, a relatively normal crown/root length ratio,and a
tapering root located entirely in the gingival soft tissue.