THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER - ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION

We summarise major activities and advances in boundary-layer knowledge in the 25 years since 1970, with emphasis on the application of this knowledge to surface and boundary-layer parametrisation schemes in num erical models of the atmosphere. Progress in three areas is discussed: (i) the mesoscale modelling of selected phenomena; (ii) numerical wea ther prediction; and (iii) climate simulations. Future trends are iden tified, including the incorporation into models of advanced cloud sche mes and interactive canopy schemes, and the nesting of high resolution boundary-layer schemes in global climate models.