MICROCLIMATE-DEPENDENT SURVIVAL OF UNFED ADULT IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) IN NATURE - LIFE-CYCLE AND STUDY DESIGN IMPLICATIONS

Microclimate and other abiotic factors may be important in determining the survival of arthropod vectors, yet the impact of such variables r arely has received careful examination. The impacts of habitat, microc limate, and experimental confinement on survival rates of unfed adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, were studied in field enclos ures in southcentral and northwestern Connecticut At both locations, 2 enclosures were placed in each of 3 different habitats (field, forest canopy, and forest/field edge). Forty wild-caught adult ticks (20 mal es, 20 females) were placed in each enclosure. At one site, another 40 ticks were confined to nylon mesh bags placed inside each enclosure. Soil temperature, ground-level air temperature and relative humidity w ere measured within each habitat. The number of ticks surviving within each enclosure was monitored 1 or 2 times per week. Ticks that were c onfined in nylon bags had a lower survival rate than ticks that were a ble to move freely within the enclosures. Ticks survived longer in edg e and forest habitats than in open fields, which were characterized by greater extremes in air temperature, soil temperature, relative humid ity, and vapor pressure deficit than the other 2 habitats. The mean da ily survival rates of free-ranging I. scapularis were negatively relat ed to air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and the coefficient of variation of relative humidity.