This article is the eighteenth installment of our annual review of res
earch concerning the opiate system. It includes articles published dur
ing 1995 reporting the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and a
ntagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects. Thr specific topic
s covered this year include stress; tolerance and dependence; eating,
drinking; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic function; mental illnes
s and mood; learning, memory, and reward; cardiovascular responses; re
spiration and thermoregulation; seizures and other neurological disord
ers; electrical-related activity; general activity and locomotion; sex
, pregnancy, and development; immunological responses; and other behav
iors. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.