Jw. Heath, A NON-TREE-LIKE CONTINUUM THAT IS NOT THE 2-TO-1 IMAGE OF ANY CONTINUUM, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 124(11), 1996, pp. 3571-3578
Some thirteen years ago S. B. Nadler, Jr, and L. E. Ward, Jr., asked i
f any treelike continuum could be the 2-to-1 image of a continuum. In
fact. it has been conjectured that the property of being treelike char
acterizes those continua that are not the 2-to-1 image of any continuu
m. But the characterization must be something else; this paper shows t
hat many pseudo-solenoids are not the 2-to-1 image of any continuum.