R. Bennewitz et al., BULK AND SURFACE METALLIZATION OF CAF2 UNDER LOW-ENERGY-ELECTRON IRRADIATION, Radiation effects and defects in solids, 137(1-4), 1995, pp. 1245-1250
Electron irradiation of CaF2 with 2 keV electrons causes metallization
of the surface and near surface layers by the formation of colloids.
Colloids on the surface are significantly larger than those in the bul
k indicating a higher mobility of defects on the surface. Optical spec
troscopy on extinction bands of bulk colloids reveals Ostwald ripening
as the driving force for aggregation, while scanning force microscopy
results suggest that similar processes dominate the early stages of s
urface colloid formation.