THE CONFIRMATION OF A BIOCHEMICAL MARKER FOR WOMENS HORMONAL MIGRAINE- THE DEPO-ESTRADIOL CHALLENGE TEST

Precis: Will estrogen withdrawal cause migraines in postmenopausal wom en? Objective: To record the changes in serum estradiol and total estr ogen levels after an intramuscular estradiol injection in menopausal s ubjects and then record any subsequent migraine occurrence. Design: Op en selection process, comparative trial. Patients: Twenty-eight postme nopausal women volunteers were given 5 mg depo-estradiol cyprionate as an intramuscular injection. Sixteen (migraine group) had a history of severe, cyclic, menstrually related migraine attacks before becoming menopausal. Twelve (control group) had no history of migraine or heada che. All volunteers were on continuous estrogen replacement therapy at the beginning of the study. Progestins were not used in the study. Ma in Outcome Measures: Serum estradiol and total estrogen levels were me asured prior to the depo-estradiol injection and on subsequent days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results: Total estrogen and estradiol levels varie d greatly at every measured interval. Menopausal complaints of vasomot or symptoms were relieved for at least the first 2 weeks of the study. No member of the control group reported a migraine during the month. However, a severe migraine was reported by all 16 women with a history of migraine. The average day of the migraine occurrence was 18.5 +/- 2.8. The serum level of estradiol on the day of the worst migraine was 46.4 +/- 5.6 pg/mL. The significance of these findings was at the 95% confidence level. Conclusions: This study confirms two factors about menopausal hormonal migraine: (1) it can be precipitated by a drop in serum estrogen levels, and (2) a period of estrogen priming is a neces sary prerequisite. This study also identifies that there are two biolo gically different populations of postmenopausal women: (1) those who d eveloped migraine after a single depo-estradiol injection, and (2) tho se who did not. By understanding that in addition to the biological pr edisposition to migraine there exists the biochemical cofactor of fall ing estrogen levels, we may better understand this phenomenon and deve lop means to prevent its occurrence.