We investigate the small-sample properties of three alternative genera
lized method of moments (GMM) estimators of asset-pricing models. The
estimators that we consider include ones in which the weighting matrix
is iterated to convergence and ones in which the weighting matrix is
changed with each choice of the parameters. Particular attention is de
voted to assessing the performance of the asymptotic theory for making
inferences based directly on the deterioration of GMM criterion funct
ions.