De. Canfield et A. Teske, LATE PROTEROZOIC RISE IN ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN CONCENTRATION INFERRED FROM PHYLOGENETIC AND SULFUR-ISOTOPE STUDIES, Nature, 382(6587), 1996, pp. 127-132
The evolution of non-photosynthetic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria was co
ntemporaneous with a large shift in the isotopic composition of biogen
ic sedimentary sulphides between 0.64 and 1.05 billion years ago. Both
events were probably driven by a vise in atmospheric oxygen concentra
tions to greater than 5-18% of present levels-a change that may also h
ave triggered the evolution of animals.