With the increasing prevalence of HIV, better combination treatment re
gimens, and preventive therapy for opportunistic infections, physician
s will be caring for an ever-increasing number of survivors with an ev
er-dwindling immune function. Increasing this burden is the unfortunat
e patient who also develops cancer concurrent with HIV infection. The
combined risk factors of these diseases make a worst-case scenario in
evaluation and treatment of infections. This article reviews AIDS-defi
ning tumors and other malignancies, risk factors for infection, opport
unistic infections, and therapy strategies.