Ja. Vankan et Rd. Vis, TOTAL-REFLECTION PIXE (TPIXE) AND RBS FOR SURFACE AND TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 109, 1996, pp. 85-93
MeV proton and alpha beams at small incident angles (0-35 mrad) were u
sed to analyse flat surfaces such as Si wafers and coated quartz subst
rates. X-rays and backscattered particles were detected in a total ref
lection geometry. Using TPIXE a quick and simultaneous detection of di
fferent trace elements was established. At very small incident angles
of a few mrad, it was observed that the RES yield drops faster than th
e X-ray yield, which indicates surface channelling.