Y. Tsuboi et al., IN-VIVO MEASUREMENT OF TITANIUM RELEASE BY PIXE, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 109, 1996, pp. 345-349
The concentration of titanium in soft tissues adjacent to titanium imp
lants was measured by PIXE, 12 weeks after the placement of pure titan
ium implants in rat abdominal wall. Tissue response adjacent to implan
ts; fibrous capsule thickness and number of cells, were also histologi
cally analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of titanium
in the fibrous capsule was less than 10 ppm irrespective to surface ro
ughness of implants at the mu m level. PIXE measurement is a useful me
thod for the detection and quantification of trace elements when appli
ed simultaneously with histomorphometric analysis.