EARLY AND LONG-TERM RESULTS FOR CORRECTION OF TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS DRAINAGE (TAPVD) IN NEONATES AND INFANTS

Objective. To present our 17-year experience of surgical repair of tot al anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in 71 consecutive neona tes and infants, with particular emphasis on the role of preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO), the management of postoperative pu lmonary hypertensive crises and the long-term results. Patients and me thods. From July 1977 to May 1994, 36 newborns and 35 infants, aged be tween 1 and 300 days, had repair TAPVD in our Department. Fifty-four p atients had decompensated heart failure, whereas three were moribund. The anomalous drainage was supracardiac in 32 (45%), cardiac in 17 (24 %), infracardiac in 17 (24%) and mixed in 5 infants (7%). Major associ ated cardiac anomalies coexisted in nine cases. Forty-five (63%) exhib ited signs of PVO. The repair was performed under moderate hypothermia in 15 and deep hypothermic arrest in 56 patients. In case of postoper ative pulmonary hypertensive crises, artificial hyperventilation with high oxygen concentration, sedation and relaxation, inotropic support and afterload reduction with phentolamine were applied selectively. Th e actual follow-up is based on functional symptomatology and cardiac e cho-doppler studies. Results. Six children (8.5%) died early: four per ioperatively, two on the 2nd and 10th postoperative day, respectively. Poor preoperative condition, operation before 1987 and preoperative P VO were the main incremental risk factors for death. No death occurred among the last 38 cases. There were complications in 45 patients, in particular pulmonary hypertensive crises in 27. Two patients died late , after 80 and 118 days, respectively, of progressive intrapulmonary v ein fibrosis: the second despite reoperation. The risk of late death a pproaches zero after 6 months. Among the 63 survivors, 56 (86%) are as ymptomatic and without medication, 3 months - 17 years after operation . Five have mild symptoms with ordinary physical activity. Two are los t to follow-up. Conclusions. Early repair of TAPVD with aggressive man agement of pulmonary hypertensive crises carries low operative mortali ty nowadays. Preoperative PVO as a risk factor has been neutralized si nce 1987. Long-term results are gratifying: no late death after 6 mont hs, no reoperation and functional good results. Progressive pulmonary vein fibrosis remains an unpredictable rare cause of death within the 1st year after surgery.