Ja. Thomazin et al., AXISYMMETRICAL LASER-WELDING OF CERAMIC AND METALLIC MATERIALS - FINITE-ELEMENT MODELING, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW, 6(3), 1996, pp. 35-46
In this paper, finite element techniques are used to model laser spot
welding of both metallic and ceramic materials. The materials modelled
were aluminum and alumina, a typical ceramic. In the formulation, the
steady state mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations are co
nsidered with surface tension and buoyancy forces driving the fluid ho
w. The results indicate that fluid flow must be considered in order to
accurately model molten pool characteristics for ceramics since the c
oupling of fluid flow to heat flow is more important for ceramics than
for metals.