PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS AND PHYSICIAN FEES

Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) represent a form of managed ca re in which providers agree to accept discounted fees in exchange for the expectation that their patient volume will increase or at least be maintained. Managed care plans that rely on discounted fee-for-servic e (FFS) payments have increased from about 10 plans in 1981 to over 70 0 Plans in 1994. In this study, we document levels of discounts achiev ed by two large national insurers and discuss how the size of the disc ount varies by type of service and how the discounted rates relate to Medicare fees. Our results show that, despite achieving large discount s (approximately 10-20 percent) relative to their indemnity Plans, the two nationwide PPOs studied here pay at rates substantially above Med icare levels.