R. Bauernschmitt et R. Ahlrichs, TREATMENT OF ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS WITHIN THE ADIABATIC APPROXIMATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY, Chemical physics letters, 256(4-5), 1996, pp. 454-464
Time dependent density functional methods are applied in the adiabatic
approximation to compute low-lying electronic excitations of N-2, eth
ylene, formaldehyde, pyridine and porphin. Out of various local, gradi
ent-corrected and hybrid (including exact exchange) functionals, the b
est results are obtained for the three-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)
functional proposed by Becke. B3LYP yields excitation energies about
0.4 eV too low but typically gives the correct ordering of states and
constitutes a considerable improvement over HF-based approaches requir
ing comparable numerical work.