In the general context of the evolution of electric are furnaces, the
paper describes some specific developments made by VAI. A first series
of improvements concerns post-combustion, oxygen injection and use of
fossil fuel. In the case of DC furnaces, electrode consumption may be
further reduced, but more radical changes are possible with new furna
ce designs. Depending on local conditions, new concepts of compact mil
ls can be imagined, making use of a varying proportion of the availabl
e iron sources.