This paper examines the backlog (total amount of unfinished work in th
e system) in a single server queue that works in a 'random environment
'. Specifically, the service speed is described by an exogenous (non-n
egative) 'environment' process. We characterize the time-dependent bac
klog via a stochastic integral equation and use this equation to compu
te stationary performance measures. For the M/G/1 queue, our results l
ead to a generalisation of the Pollaczek-Khintchine transform equation
for backlog that 'explains' why congestion is greater in a queue with
random service speed than in an equivalent queue with constant servic
e speed. We provide a numerical example that helps to illustrate our r
esults.