Ja. Griffiths et al., EFFECT OF BINDING OF LANTHANIDE IONS ON THE BACTERIORHODOPSIN HEXAGONAL STRUCTURE - AN X-RAY STUDY, Journal of physical chemistry, 100(29), 1996, pp. 12002-12007
The effect of the bind;ng of trivalent lanthanide metal cations (Eu3+,
Ho3+, and Dy3+) on the hexagonal structure of bacteriorhodopsin (bR)
is investigated at different pH using x-Ray diffraction to examine fil
ms made by slow evaporation of the corresponding regenerated bR. It is
observed that the lanthanide-regenerated bR (at a ratio of 2:1 metal
ion to bR) does not form a 2D structure isomorphous to that of native
bR or Ca2+-regenerated samples at low sample pH. The native bR hexagon
al structure is recovered by titration of the sample with sodium hydro
xide. The pH at which the hexagonal structure is recovered depends on
the charge density of the lanthanide ion used for the regeneration. Th
e higher the charge density of the ion, the higher the pH at which an
isomorphous lattice is formed. A model is proposed in which at normal
or low pH a complex bidentate and monodentate type binding (which disr
upts the lattice hexagonal structure) exists between a lanthanide ion,
the O- of PO2- groups, and/or the amino acid residues. Ar high pH, co
mplexation with OH- takes place, which converts this binding to a simp
le monodentate type complete that leads to the recovery of the lattice
structure. An equation is derived for the pH at which this conversion
takes place and is found to be proportional to the binding constant o
f the lanthanide ions to the O- of the PO2- groups or the amino acid r
esidues and inversely proportional to the binding constant of the lant
hanide ion to the OH- groups. This predicts an increase of conversion
pH with the charge-density of the lanthanide ion, as observed.