Congenital anophthalmos and microphthalmos are rare conditions which c
an have associated pathology in the second eye and/or systemic. anomal
ies. A retrospective review of 77 patients with congenital anophthalmo
s or microphthalmos seen at Moorfields Eye Hospital over a 13 year per
iod was performed. A detailed description of the ocular and systemic a
nomalies present in our series of patients is given, and the current u
nderstanding of the pathogenesis of congenital anophthalmos and microp
hthalmos is reviewed.